Research RSS

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CONCLUSION: Respiratory motion correction in pediatric renal SPECT imaging using a data-driven approach can improve image quality, with potential for improved diagnostic accuracy for studies with a moderate amount of motion.

INTRODUCTION: Single maintenance and reliever therapy (SMART) uses a single inhaler for daily maintenance and as-needed relief. Despite evidence that SMART is more effective in reducing exacerbations than traditional therapy, it is not widely implemented. Successful SMART implementation requires participation from school health staff (SHS), who are a critical part of pediatric asthma management.

The cGAS-STING pathway is a critical component of the innate immune system, responsible for detecting cytosolic DNA and triggering inflammatory signaling. While essential for host defense, aberrant activation of this pathway is linked to a range of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Consequently, STING has emerged as a compelling therapeutic target. Herein we report the development of the firs...

Interventional oncology has gained a lot of traction as an attractive alternative treatment for various musculoskeletal tumors by offering minimally invasive image-guided therapies. In this domain, thermal ablation is increasingly being used malignant tumors, including bone metastatic disease. Thermal ablation therapies such as radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, cryoablation and high int...

CONCLUSIONS: Two text messaging interventions, DSMS and DSMS+, were developed to support diabetes self-management among US veterans. DSMS delivers standard educational content, while DSMS+ incorporates interactive features and personalization. The subsequent clinical trial will assess whether customization enhances engagement and improves diabetes outcomes, providing insights into the potential of...

CONCLUSIONS: Eleven studies met inclusion criteria. Four phases of the Federal Emergency Management Agency framework (Prevention, Preparedness, Response, Recovery) were represented, and, in some studies, more than one phase was discussed. The review showed strong support for APRN and PA roles in prevention and preparedness of an MSI, and less support surrounding the response and recovery phases of...

CONCLUSIONS: Key risk factors for postoperative lymphatic complications in melanoma patients undergoing lymph node surgery include lower extremity involvement, lymph node dissections, lymphatic invasion, and positive lymph nodes. Understanding these risk factors can help clinicians optimize management strategies to reduce postoperative lymphatic complications.

Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) represent a novel class of therapeutic modalities, where, in the context of complex chemical modification patterns, a single administration can support sustained gene silencing. Various siRNA architectures demonstrate robust activity; however, a guide strand length of 19-21 nucleotides is generally believed to be required for effective gene silencing. Here, we show ...

PURPOSE: Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a rare syndrome characterized by congenital joint contractures involving at least two different body areas. AMC patients often develop scoliosis and may undergo posterior spinal fusion (PSF). However, such procedures can be challenging due to a spectrum of underlying differences in body structure and comorbidities. The present study aimed to inv...

Dysfunctional cGMP signaling is implicated in multiple neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), including glaucoma, an optic neuropathy and leading cause of irreversible blindness. Female mice lacking the alpha catalytic subunit of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGCα1^(-/-)), the active site that binds nitric oxide (NO) to produce cGMP, exhibit progressive retinal ganglion cell ...

The cellular proteome is regulated by translation initiation on AUG or non-canonical (non-AUG) start codons^(1-3). Non-AUG initiation remodels proteome during stress and is implicated in cancer and other diseases^(4-6). The eIF5-mimic proteins (5MPs) restrict non-AUG start codon usage and thereby reprogram proteoform expression from mRNAs with alternative start sites, such as the oncogenic c-Myc^(...

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CONCLUSIONS: Constipation is common among women with pelvic organ prolapse. Symptoms of constipation do not significantly change after prolapse surgery. Sacral colpopexy does not appear to worsen constipation postoperatively compared with vaginal prolapse surgery.

CONCLUSION: Design modifications from the multi-radius trochlear groove for altered femoral geometry and 3D-printed porous surface for uncemented fixation were introduced to improve patellofemoral mechanics and implant integration, there was no significant translation to improved patient-reported outcomes in this study. These findings suggest that patient and procedure-specific factors may be infl...

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the Project ECHO model effectively enhances clinician self-rated confidence and knowledge of early childhood mental health concerns.

Enhancers control tissue-specific gene expression across metazoans. Although deep learning has enabled enhancer prediction and design in mammalian cell lines and invertebrate systems, it remains unclear whether such approaches can operate within the regulatory complexity of mammalian tissues in vivo. Here, we present a general strategy for designing tissue-specific enhancers that function reliably...

In ambulatory oncology settings, some of the most meaningful healing occurs not during active treatment but within the quiet spaces surrounding it. This reflective essay explores therapeutic silence and attuned presence as holistic nursing interventions that support emotional, relational, and spiritual well-being for individuals receiving cancer treatment. Drawing on mindfulness-based nursing lite...

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CONCLUSIONS: PRISM was associated with greater depression care pathway implementation and improved identification of patients with perinatal depression. In order to help implement new initiatives (i.e. bipolar disorder screening) aligned with the depression care pathway, practice-level assistance may be needed.

Designing regulatable promoters with specified functional output remains difficult because natural promoters are unlikely to match a particular specification, and the sequence design space is large, complex, and challenging to interpret. This review advances a context-minimized, measurement-first approach in Escherichia coli that couples simple assays to a single transcription factor (TF)-based th...

Microglial cells exhibit crucial metabolic adaptations to maintain neural homeostasis. However, their dysregulated activation during infections can lead to neurotoxicity and contribute to the development of neuroinflammatory disorders. Understanding the physiological and metabolic changes of microglia during immune activation is crucial for identifying protective targets against neuroinflammation....

CONCLUSION: An intervention that includes training staff on delivery of opioid pain medication education for adolescents and family members can improve education provided to patients being prescribed opioid pain medication at discharge from pediatric trauma centers.

CONCLUSION: MetS significantly increases postoperative wound and medical complications in patients undergoing oncoplastic breast surgery. Preoperative identification and tailored perioperative management of MetS patients are essential to reduce complications and enhance surgical outcomes.

Liver transplantation (LT) before 6 months sobriety (early LT) for alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) improves survival with acceptable relapse rates. Patients with disadvantaged social determinants of health (SDOH) may have disparate access to early LT and outcomes, though it is unclear. This was a retrospective study of the Recovery, Survival, and Outcomes in ALD (RESOLVE-ALD) consortium, wh...

Improving siRNA delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) is a major focus for treating the numerous debilitating neurological conditions which have a genetic basis. Here, we present an albumin-binding siRNA based on an amphiphilic dendrimer conjugate (D-siRNA). We demonstrate that D-siRNA achieves effective and homogeneous delivery throughout the CNS following administration into the cerebrosp...

Haemonchus contortus is a blood-feeding gastrointestinal nematode that significantly impacts the health and productivity of small ruminants. The burden of parasitism and the escalating incidence of anthelmintic resistance necessitate alternative control methods. Here, we characterize the enzymatic activities of five mammalian cell-expressed recombinant H. contortus cysteine proteases (HcCPs), whic...

Background/Objectives: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) and SpineSage^(TM) risk calculators are automated online tools to predict short-term complications for surgical procedures. The objective of this study was to assess the validity of ACS-NSQIP and SpineSage^(TM) risk calculators to predict short-term complications after adult spinal def...

CONCLUSIONS: In managing older patients with AF and comorbid CKD, healthcare providers should be increasingly aware of the increased burden of frailty, dependence for care, multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and the high risk of major bleeding especially among those with severely impaired kidney function. This finding emphasizes the need for a more holistic and multidisciplinary approach to stroke prop...

CONCLUSION: This Delphi study establishes expert-derived consensus standards for cryoneurolysis, highlighting careful patient selection, mandatory imaging guidance, and flexible freeze protocols while identifying areas requiring further research.