Research RSS

CONCLUSION: NF is a benign, rapidly growing soft tissue lesion mimicking malignancy. Surgical excision is curative. Accurate diagnosis can prevent unnecessary interventions.

This review provides an in-depth examination of the recurrence and management of glomerular diseases after kidney transplantation, with particular emphasis on C3 glomerulopathy (C3G). Among post-transplant glomerular diseases, C3G exhibits the highest recurrence rates, reported between 30% and 89% across studies. The review outlines the complex pathophysiology of C3G, driven by dysregulation of th...

Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is a fatal neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease. The Jacob sheep is the only large animal model of TSD, yet ocular pathology and the therapeutic potential of gene therapy remain poorly defined. Sheep cohorts included normal controls (n=3), untreated TSD-affected (n=4), intravenous AAV9-Bic_HexA/HexB-treated (n=3), and intracerebroventricular, cisterna magna, and lumb...

CONCLUSIONS: This work is the first to compare treatment needs of DTC participants with and without chronic pain history, and the sample presented with a high prevalence of chronic pain history. Therefore, DTC programs should assess for chronic pain among participants to incorporate pain management and support participants more effectively.

CONCLUSION: Participants recognized the high risk of MOUD treatment lapses during transitions from jail to community reentry, and valued MOUD continuity services initiated during incarceration and continued post-release. Variation in patient-reported quality of reentry planning services underscored the need for more standardized investment in re-entry and treatment continuity services.

CONCLUSIONS: By extending LHS theory to incorporate AI lifecycle and assurance requirements explicitly, the HALO framework operationalizes continuous learning and oversight for AI-enabled health systems. This model provides a foundation for designing, governing, and sustaining responsible and adaptive AI deployment as healthcare environments evolve.

The evolution of new enzymatic functions is constrained and guided by the architecture of an organism's metabolic and regulatory networks and environmental constraints. Here, we identify a kinase that has evolved from pyruvate phosphate dikinase. Using biochemical and systems-level analyses, we show that this enzyme, encoded by rv1127c in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), has diverged from its anc...

CONCLUSIONS: Mepolizumab improved exacerbation-related outcomes in patients with COPD and T2 inflammation, characterized by both consistently and intermittently elevated BEC. Persistent BEC elevation is not required to identify treatable eosinophilic phenotypes in COPD.

Clinical assessment tools have important roles in the identification of concussion as well as the characterization of problematic residual symptoms and impairments. Research into blood-based biomarkers such as GFAP, UCH-L1, tau, neurofilament light, and S100B aims to improve the rapid diagnosis and risk stratification of adult concussion, but no single marker is yet accurate enough for standalone ...

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has many established risk factors, but social determinants of health (SDoH) are increasingly recognized as a cardiovascular disease risk factor. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort was employed to evaluate if neighborhood-level SDoH, represented by the social deprivation index (SDI), provide additional PAD risk prediction beyond the established...

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Caspase-8 is essential for maintaining organismal integrity by preventing cell death and subsequent inflammation in specific epithelial and endothelial tissues. Here, we show that caspase-8 also controls a systemic, cell death-independent inflammatory pathway that is constitutively active during homeostasis. In vivo, selective caspase-8 inhibition produces, in the absence of other stimuli, marked ...

Selective removal of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is important for cell health. Macroautophagy is the primary mechanism for the removal of the ER, but the ER can be cleared in a macroautophagy-independent manner. However, the physiological relevance and mechanisms underlying macroautophagy-independent ER clearance remain largely unknown. Here we show that ER is cleared by lysosomes in a macroautopha...

CONCLUSION: Precurved electrodes were associated with small but statistically significant greater hearing preservation in the short-term compared to straight electrodes, but this difference did not persist in the long-term. Speech recognition outcomes were similar for precurved and straight electrodes at all timepoints. These findings should be considered during preoperative decision-making for po...

INTRODUCTION: Healthcare systems, including the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), are facing tremendous growth in virtual care technologies that are intended to foster connections between patients, informal caregivers, and healthcare team members. The adoption of some of these virtual care technologies was accelerated by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the need to more comprehe...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review examines developments in training the psychiatric workforce to treat psychiatric conditions in college mental health. It provides helpful examples of training materials that can be utilized by psychiatrists to gain a better understanding of treating college students as they transition from child serving systems to adult models of care.

CONCLUSION: The elimination t(1/2) of xylazine in these opioid overdose participants was considerably longer than predicted from veterinary data. The fentanyl t(1/2) values were within the upper range reported in the literature. Understanding the pharmacokinetics of xylazine is vital for projecting outcomes of xylazine exposed patients and could allow for improved interpretation in forensic analys...

CONCLUSION: DLR-enhanced 2-mm MRI improves appendix visualization and overall diagnostic image quality in pediatric appendicitis without reducing reader confidence or specificity. Thin-slice DLR MRI supports improved depiction of the appendix and alternative abdominal pathology in children.

Pneumonia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly among the elderly. As populations age rapidly, the disease burden increasingly concentrates in the very elderly, yet evidence specific to this group remains limited. Our study aimed to compare recent trends in pneumonia incidence and clinical outcomes between the elderly and the very elderly. This retrospective coho...

CONCLUSION: Most pediatricians and families reported that SMART is a favorable, simple and acceptable treatment approach for children with asthma. However, pediatricians and families described significant barriers to using guideline-concordant SMART within routine practice. These results could inform targeted efforts to improve the adoption of SMART within pediatric asthma care.

During Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, infected alveolar macrophages (AMs) initially up-regulate a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-regulated cell-protective program, which is detrimental to host control and impedes AM activation, including MHC II expression. MHC II is critical for CD4^(+) T cell activation and host immunity during Mtb infection. We hypothesized that ...

A baseline MAP

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CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with newly diagnosed AML who were ineligible for intensive chemotherapy, all-oral decitabine-cedazuridine plus venetoclax caused no drug interactions and resulted in a complete response in nearly half the patients, with myelosuppressive effects. (Funded by Taiho Oncology; ASCERTAIN-V ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04657081.).

CONCLUSIONS: In this large, propensity score-matched cohort of young adults, common dermatologic conditions were associated with a small but persistent increase in the incidence of anxiety over time. Although absolute differences were modest, the consistency of findings across multiple analytic approaches highlights the importance of considering psychological well-being as part of comprehensive ca...

Mitochondria are classically viewed as a uniform ATP-producing network; however, a growing body of evidence suggests distinct subpopulations exist within tissues and even single cells. Here, I highlight evidence supporting the presence of functionally distinct mitochondria and propose mechanisms by which these subpopulations are formed and regulated.

Access to and quality of health care are fundamental determinants of surgical outcomes, yet disparities remain prevalent due to a mix of patient, provider, and systemic factors. Rural residents often face longer travel times and reduced hospital access, exacerbating inequities. Inhospital disparities are influenced by race, socioeconomic status, and insurance coverage, with Black patients, those o...

Gasdermins (GSDMs) are a conserved family of pore-forming proteins that execute pyroptosis. Proteolytic activation of GSDMs by caspases, granzymes, or microbial enzymes liberates the N-terminal domain, which oligomerizes and inserts into membranes to form pores, releasing interleukin-1 cytokines, alarmins, and cytosolic contents. Recent structural and biochemical studies have provided mechanistic ...

Chondrodysplasia is a genetic disorder characterized by impaired cartilage development and bone growth. Dysregulation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with chondrodysplasia. Here, we demonstrate a critical role for the ER stress regulator PPP1R15B in chondrocyte development. PPP1R15B is a protein phosphatase that constitutively represses eIF2α phosphorylation to attenuate glo...

The spinal cord plays a central role in the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS), yet remains under-studied compared with the brain. This review summarizes key insights from the 2025 North American Imaging in MS Spinal Cord Imaging Workshop, highlighting recent advances, ongoing challenges, and future opportunities in MS spinal cord imaging. We review pathological...