Glucose (Blood Sugar) Monitoring

A1c Testing

The hemoglobin A1c test measures the average blood glucose level over the past three months (24 hours a day, 7 days a week) and is different from blood glucose checks performed each day with a meter. The A1c goal for most people with diabetes is less than 7%, which is an estimated average glucose of 154 mg/dL. It varies by individual. Your care team determines your A1c goal as well as your daily target goal. The American Diabetes Association recommends at least two A1c tests per year (at a minimum) in addition to daily blood glucose monitoring.

Blood Glucose (Blood Sugar) Meter Testing

Checking blood glucose using a meter is the best tool to monitor your diabetes control. It shows your blood sugar level at any given time. Discuss with your care team how often you should be testing your blood glucose. 

Checking blood sugar throughout the day 

Testing glucose levels at the same time each day allows you to track patterns. For people who receive multiple daily insulin injections or use an insulin pump, it's generally recommended to test before meals and snacks, occasionally two hours after the first bite of a meal, at bedtime, prior to exercising, when low glucose is suspected, after treating a low, and prior to critical tasks such as driving.

Hypoglycemia (low blood glucose)

Hypoglycemia is defined by less than normal blood glucose (usually below 70 milligrams). Symptoms include excessive hunger, shakiness, sweating, dizziness, feeling light headed, pale skin and/or feeling confused. Left untreated, hypoglycemia may lead to unconsciousness. If taking oral diabetes medications, ask your care team whether hypoglycemia should be a concern.

Hyperglycemia (high blood glucose)

Hyperglycemia is defined as above normal blood glucose based on the target range set by your care team. In general, it’s when glucose is above 180 mg/dL consistently. Symptoms include excessive thirst and/or urination. 

Recording blood glucose results is vital

Testing your blood sugar on a regular basis is an integral part of diabetes self-management because it puts you in charge. Whether utilizing a smartphone app or a paper log, recording and sharing the results with your care team provides them with an overall picture of your body's response to your diabetes care plan. Download our printable blood glucose logs, available in English or Spanish.